Epidemiological characterization of patients with intestinal stomas

Objective: To characterize the sociodemographic and clinical variables of people with intestinal stomas. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 47 patients of a Specialized Rehabilitation Center (CER II/APAE) in the municipality of Três Lagoas, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Midwestern Brazil, from December 2019 to June 2020. Data was analyzed using inferential descriptive statistics (Anderson-Darling, Chi-squared, and Mann-Whitney normality tests). Results: Regarding the patients, 87.23% were from Três Lagoas, 51.06% were female, 40.43% were aged from 60 to 69 years, 59.57% were married, 53.19% were brown, 59.57% were catholic, 36.17% finished elementary school, 46.81% were retired, and 57.45% earned a monthly income below 1 minimum wage. Moreover, 61.70% had undergone terminal colostomy (61.70%), 61.70% had received guidance about its placing, 57.45% had it placed due to situations of urgency, 74.47% had a stoma installed due to a neoplasia, 38.30% were permanent, with 46.81% located in the inferior left quadrant (ILQ), 59.57% presented pasty effluent, 63.83% had a circular diameter, 53.19% had pouches with 2 pieces and 57.45%, with a flexible base, 87.23% had other adjunct equipment, and 95.74% had been trained in self-care. The most common complication was skin/peristomal irritant contact dermatitis (59,57%), and 65,95% of these cases were solved by teaching self-care. The type of stoma was significantly associated with the consistency of the effluent and the size of the protrusion (p> 0.05). Conclusion: The results found can support strategies to implement practices to promote health, develop new public policies, to provide training in self-care, and prevent and treat complications. (AU)

Meta analysis of diseased bowel resection versus diversion enterostomy in the treatment of late severe complications of chronic radiation-induced rectal injury / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of diseased bowel resection and diversion enterostomy in the treatment of late severe complications of chronic radiation-induced late rectal injury (RLRI). Methods: Studies about comparison of diseased bowel resection and diversion enterostomy in the treatment of late severe complications of chronic RLRI were screened and retrieved from databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP, CBM and Wanfang. The following terms in Chinese were used to search [Title/Abstract]: radiation-induced intestinal injury, radiation proctitis, surgery. The following English terms were used to search: Radiation-induced intestinal injury, Bowel injury from radiation, Radiation proctitis, Surgery, Colostomy. Literature inclusion criteria: (1) studies with control groups, published at home and abroad publicly, about the postoperative effects of diseased bowel resection vs. diversion enterostomy on RLRI patients with late severe complications; (2) the period of the study performed in the literatures must be clear; (3) patients at the preoperative diagnosis for RLRI with refractory bleeding, narrow, obstruction, perforation or fistula, etc.; (4) diseased bowel resection included Hartmann, Dixon, Bacon and Parks; diversion enterostomy included colostomy and ileostomy; (5) if the studies were published by the same institution or authors at the same time, the study with the biggest sample size was chosen; studies conducted in different time with different subjects were simultaneously included; (6) at least one prognostic indicator of the following parameters should be included: the improvement of symptoms, postoperative complications, mortality, and reversed stomas rate. The stoma reduction rate was defined as the ratio of successful closure of colostomy after diseased bowel resection and diversion enterostomy. The method of direct calculation or the method of convert into direct calculation were used for stoma reduction rate. Exclusion criteria: (1) a single-arm study without control group; (2) RLRI patients did not undergo diseased bowel resection or diversion enterostomy at the first time; (3) RLRI patients with distant metastasis; (4) the statistical method in the study was not appropriate; (5) the information was not complete, such as a lack of prognosis in the observational indexes. After screening literatures according to criteria, data retrieval and quality evaluation were carried out. Review Manager 5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis. Sensitivity analysis was used to exam the stability of results. Funnel diagram was used to analyze the bias of publication. Results: A total of 11 literatures were enrolled, including 426 RLRI patients with late severe complications, of whom 174 underwent diseased bowel resection (resection group) and 252 underwent diversion enterostomy (diversion group), respectively. Compared with diversion group, although resection group had a higher morbidity of complication (35.1% vs. 15.9%, OR=2.67, 95% CI: 1.58 to 4.53, P<0.001), but it was more advantageous in symptom improvement (94.2% vs. 64.1%, OR=6.19, 95% CI: 2.47 to 15.52, P<0.001) and stoma reductions (62.8% vs. 5.1%, OR=15.17, 95% CI: 1.21 to 189.74, P=0.030), and the differences were significant (both P<0.05). No significant difference in postoperative mortality was found between the two groups (10.1% vs. 18.8%, OR=0.74, 95% CI: 0.21 to 2.59, P=0.640). There were no obvious changes between the two groups after sensitivity analysis for the prognostic indicators (the symptoms improved, postoperative complications, mortality, and reversed stomas rate) compared with the meta-analysis results before exclusion, suggesting that the results were robust and credible. Funnel diagram analysis suggested a small published bias. Conclusions: Chronic RLRI patients with late severe complications undergoing diseased bowel resection have higher risk of complication, while their long-term mortality is comparable to those undergoing diversion enterostomy. Diseased bowel resection is better in postoperative improvement of symptoms and stoma reduction rate.

Validation of educational material for the care of people with intestinal stoma / Validação de material educativo para o cuidado da pessoa com estomia intestinal / Validación de material educativo para el cuidado de la persona con ostomía intestinal

Abstract Objective: to validate an educational booklet for people with intestinal stoma as a technological resource in the teaching of self-care. Method: a methodological research for the construction and validation of an educational booklet by nine expert judges and 25 people with stomas. The agreement index of at least 80% was considered to guarantee the validation of the material. Results: regarding the objectives of the booklet, all the judges evaluated the items as "adequate" or "totally adequate", with a content validity index of 1.00. Regarding the structure and presentation of the booklet, the total index was 0.84. Regarding relevance, the total was 0.97 and the general index of the educational booklet was 0.89, confirming the validation with the judges. All items of the organization, writing style, appearance and motivation of the material were considered as validated by the target audience, reaching a total agreement index of 0.99. Conclusion: in the context of health education, the booklet was considered valid and suitable for the care of people with intestinal stoma, and can be used in teaching, research, extension and care for people with intestinal stoma.

Resumo Objetivo: validar uma cartilha educativa para pessoas com estomias intestinais como recurso tecnológico no ensino do autocuidado. Método: pesquisa metodológica para a construção e validação de cartilha educativa por nove juízes especialistas e 25 pessoas com estomias. Foi considerado o índice de concordância de, no mínimo, 80% para se garantir a validação do material. Resultados: quanto aos objetivos da cartilha, todos os juízes avaliaram os itens como "adequado" ou "totalmente adequado", com índice de validade de conteúdo de 1,00. Com relação à estrutura e apresentação da cartilha, o índice total foi de 0,84. No quesito relevância, o total foi de 0,97 e o índice geral da cartilha educativa foi de 0,89, confirmando a validação junto aos juízes. Todos os itens da organização, estilo da escrita, aparência e motivação do material foram considerados validados pelo público-alvo, atingindo índice de concordância total de 0,99. Conclusão: no contexto da educação em saúde, a cartilha foi considerada válida e adequada para o cuidado das pessoas com estomias intestinais, podendo ser utilizada em ambientes de ensino, pesquisa, extensão e no cuidado à pessoa com estomia intestinal.

Resumo Objetivo: validar una guía educativa para personas con ostomías intestinales, como recurso tecnológico en la enseñanza del autocuidado. Método: investigación metodológica para la construcción y validación de una guía educativa por nueve jueces especialistas y 25 personas con ostomías. Se consideró el índice de concordancia mínimo de 80% para garantizar la validación del material. Resultados: en cuanto a los objetivos de la guía, todos los jueces evaluaron los ítems como "adecuado" o "totalmente adecuado" con índice de validación de contenido de 1,00. En relación a la estructura y presentación de la guía, el índice fue de 0,84. En el punto atinente a la relevancia, el total fue de 0,97 y el índice general de la guía educativa fue de 0,89, confirmándose la validación junto a los jueces. Todos los ítems de la organización, estilo de escritura, apariencia y motivación del material fueron validados por el público destinatario, alcanzándose el índice de concordancia total de 0,99. Conclusión: En el contexto de educación en salud, la guía se consideró válida y adecuada para el cuidado de personas con ostomías intestinales, apta para ser utilizada en el ámbito educativo, investigaciones, extensión y en el cuidado a la persona con ostomía intestinal.

Complicações de estomia intestinal e pele periestoma: evidências para o cuidado de enfermagem / Complications of ostomy bowel and peristomal skin: evidence for nursing care / Complicaciones de la ostomía intestinal y de la piel peristoma: evidencia para el cuidado de enfermeira

Objetivo: identificar e analisar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre as complicações de estomia intestinal e pele periestoma. Método: revisão integrativa, em bases virtuais de dados, com inclusão de estudos do tipo ensaio clínico randomizado, publicados nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e português, no período de maio 2013 a maio de 2019. Resultados: foram selecionados 19 estudos e agrupados em três categorias: técnicas cirúrgicas apontando técnicas inovadoras acerca do tipo de suturas, ressecção e exteriorização de alça intestinal, além de reforços para prevenção de hérnias; barreiras de pele e equipamentos coletores, abordando principalmente as barreiras de pele para prevenção e tratamento da dermatite; cuidados de enfermagem mostrando cuidados e programas de acompanhamento, como visitas domiciliares, consultas e programas educativos. Conclusões: As estratégias descritas nos estudos revisados são importantes na medida em que poderão enriquecer o conhecimento do enfermeiro e dessa forma reduzir complicações de estomia e pele periestoma e melhorar a qualidade de vida dessas pessoas.

Objective: to identify and analyze the evidence available in the literature on the complications of intestinal ostomy and peristomal skin. Method: integrative review in virtual databases, including randomized clinical trialstudies published in English, Spanish and Portuguese, from May 2013 to May 2019. Results: 19 studies were selected and grouped into three categories: surgical techniques pointing innovative techniques about the type of sutures, resection and externalization of the intestinal loop, in addition to reinforcements to prevent hernias; skin barriers and collecting equipment, mainly addressing skin barriers for the prevention and treatment of dermatitis; nursing care showing care and follow-up programs such as home visits, consultations, and educational programs. Conclusion: the strategies described in the reviewed studies are important as they may enrich the knowledge of nurses and thus reduce complications of ostomy and peristome skin and improve the quality of life of these people.

Objetivo: identificar y analizar la evidencia disponible en la literatura sobre las complicaciones de la ostomía intestinal y la piel peristomal. Método: revisión integradora en bases de datos virtuales, incluidos estudios de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados publicados en inglés, español y portugués, de mayo de 2013 a mayo de 2019. Resultados: se seleccionaron 19 estudios y se agruparon en tres categorías: técnicas quirúrgicas que apuntan técnicas innovadoras sobre el tipo de suturas, resección y externalización del asa intestinal, además de refuerzos para prevenir hernias; barreras cutáneas y equipos de recolección, principalmente para abordar las barreras cutáneas para la prevención y el tratamiento de la dermatitis; atención de enfermería que muestra programas de atención y seguimiento, como visitas domiciliarias, consultas y programas educativos. Conclusiones: Las estrategias descritas en los estudios revisados on importantes ya que pueden enriquecer el conocimiento de las enfermeras y, por lo tanto, reducir las complicaciones de la ostomía y la piel peristómica y mejorar la calidad de vida de estas personas.

Reconstrução de trânsito intestinal: fatores que influenciam a realização / Bowel transit reconstruction: factors that influence the implementation

Objetivou-se identificar os fatores que influenciam na reconstrução do trânsito intestinal em pessoas com estoma provisório. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo­analítico, quantitativo, participaram 117 pessoas com estoma provisório, que foram entrevistados, abordando aspectos sociodemográficos, clínicos e motivo da não reconstrução do estoma até o momento da coleta dos dados, foi realizada análise descritiva das variáveis, com aplicação de testes para verificar a existência de relação entre os motivos de demora para reconstrução com as demais variáveis. A maioria era do sexo masculino, a neoplasia predominou como patologia que determinou a construção do estoma, as cirurgias foram de urgência, sendo a colectomia a mais frequente. A idade influencia tanto na causa do estoma como na não reconstrução, assim como a presença de comorbidades e a persistência da causa pré-cirúrgica, o que leva à reflexão sobre a importância de ações de promoção de saúde e prevenção de doenças intestinais.

The objective of this study was to identify the factors that influence bowel transit reconstruction in people with a temporary stoma. This was a descriptive-analytical, quantitative study, involving 117 people with a temporary stoma who were interviewed about the sociodemographic and clinical aspects and the reason for the lack of stoma reconstruction up to the time of data collection. A descriptive analysis of the variables was performed, with tests being applied to verify the existence of a relationship between the reasons for the delay in reconstruction and other variables. Most participants were male, and neoplasia predominated as the pathology requiring the creation of the stoma. The surgeries were urgent, with colectomy being the most frequent. Age affects both the cause of the stoma and the lack of reconstruction, as well as the presence of comorbidities and the persistence of the preoperative cause, leading to reflection on the importance of health promotion actions and the prevention of intestinal diseases.

Santulli Enterostomy: A Considerable Method for Patients Who Require Proximal Enterostomy

PURPOSE: Santulli enterostomy has been used for various surgical abdominal conditions that require temporary diversion of bowel during a neonatal period. The aim of this study was to report clinical outcomes of Santulli enterostomy and to evaluate its usefulness. METHODS: Between January 2000 and December 2016, 40 neonates who underwent Santulli enterostomy were enrolled; Santulli enterostomies were performed for 25 patients without previous laparotomy (primary Santulli group) and 15 patients with previous laparotomy (secondary Santulli group). RESULTS: Small bowel atresia is the first common indication of Santulli enterostomy (22/40, 55.0%), and luminal discrepancy between proximal and distal bowel was the most common determinant factor of Santulli enterostomy (17/40, 42.5%). The median age at surgery and mean birth weight were 2 days and 2,480 g respectively in the primary group, and 71 days, 2,340 g respectively in the secondary group. Operation time was significantly longer in the secondary group than the primary group (156±48 minutes vs. 224±95 minutes, p=0.019), and there was no difference in the time taken to initiation of oral feeding between the two groups. Santulli enterostomy closure was performed at median 65 days after Santulli enterostomy for primary group and 70 days for secondary group. Six complications (15.0%) were found after Santulli enterostomy, and nine complications (24.3%) after Santulli enterostomy closure (p=0.302). The incidence of complications was significantly higher in secondary group than in primary group (4.5% vs. 53.3%, p=0.001), and the reoperation rate was also significantly higher in the secondary group (4.5% vs. 46.7%, p=0.004). CONCLUSION: Santulli enterostomy could be applied as a temporary enterostomy in neonatal patients with various surgical abdominal diseases. Considering the high complication rate after secondary Santulli enterostomy closure, decision making on the timing of enterostomy closure should be done with caution.

Psychological aspects of patients with intestinal stoma: integrative review / Aspectos psicológicos de pacientes estomizados intestinais: revisão integrativa / Aspectos psicológicos de pacientes ostomizados intestinales: revisión integrativa

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze evidences of psychological aspects of patients with intestinal stoma. Method: integrative review with search of primary studies in the PsycINFO, PubMed, CINAHL and WOS databases and in the SciELO periodicals portal. Inclusion criteria were: primary studies published in a ten-year period, in Portuguese, Spanish or English, available in full length and addressing the theme of the review. Results: after analytical reading, 27 primary studies were selected and results pointed out the need to approach patients before surgery to prevent the complications, anxieties and fears generated by the stoma. The national and international scientific production on the experience of stomized patients in the perioperative moments is scarce. Conclusion: it is recomendable that health professionals invest in research on interventions aimed at the main psychological demands of stomized patients in the perioperative period, respecting their autonomy on the decisions to be made regarding their health/illness state and treatments.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as evidências sobre os aspectos psicológicos de pacientes estomizados intestinais. Método: revisão integrativa com a busca de estudos primários nas bases de dados PsycINFO, PubMed, CINAHL e WOS e no portal de periódicos SciELO. Adotou-se como critérios de inclusão: estudos primários publicados no período de 10 anos, nos idiomas português, espanhol ou inglês, disponíveis na íntegra e que responderam à questão norteadora da revisão. Resultados: após leitura analítica, 27 estudos primários foram selecionados, cujos resultados apontaram a necessidade de abordar os pacientes antes da cirurgia para prevenir as complicações, angústias e medos suscitados pela estomia. A produção científica nacional e internacional sobre a vivência do paciente estomizado no perioperatório é escassa. Conclusão: sugere-se investimentos dos profissionais de saúde na condução de pesquisas de intervenções direcionadas para as principais demandas psicológicas do paciente estomizado no perioperatório, respeitando a sua autonomia sobre as decisões a serem tomadas em relação ao seu estado de saúde/doença e tratamentos.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las evidencias sobre los aspectos psicológicos de pacientes ostomizados intestinales. Métodos: revisión integrativa, con la búsqueda de estudios primarios en las bases de datos, PsycINFO, PubMed, CINAHL y WOS y en el portal de periódicos SciELO. Fueron adoptados como criterios de inclusión: estudios primarios publicados en el período de diez años, en los idiomas portugués, español o inglés, disponibles en la íntegra y en los cuales se respondió a la pregunta guía de la revisión. Resultados: después de la lectura analítica, 27 estudios privados fueron seleccionados, cuyos resultados señalaron la necesidad de abordar los pacientes antes de las cirugías para prevenir complicaciones, angustias y miedos suscitados por la ostomía. La producción científica nacional e internacional sobre las vivencias del paciente ostomizado en el perioperatorio es escasa. Conclusión: se sugiere invertir en los profesionales de salud en la conducción de investigaciones de intervenciones dirigidas a las principales demandas psicológicas del paciente ostomizado en el perioperatorio, respetando su autonomía sobre las decisiones a ser tomadas en relación a su estado de salud/enfermedad y tratamiento.

Intensive Nutrition Management in a Patient with Short Bowel Syndrome Who Underwent Bariatric Surgery

Many individuals with short bowel syndrome (SBS) require long-term parenteral nutrition (PN) to maintain adequate nutritional status. Herein, we report a successful intestinal adaptation of a patient with SBS through 13 times intensive nutritional support team (NST) managements. A thirty-five-year-old woman who could not eat due to intestinal discontinuity visited Seoul National University Hospital for reconstruction of the bowel. She received laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) due to morbid obesity in Jan 2013 at a certain hospital and successfully reduced her weight from 110 kg to 68 kg. However, after a delivery of the second baby by cesarean section in Jul 2016, most of small bowel was herniated through Peterson’s defect, and emergent massive small bowel resection was performed. Thereafter, she visited our hospital for the purpose of intestinal reconstruction. In Sep 2016, she received side–to-side gastrogastrostomy and revision of double barrel enterostomy. The remaining small bowel included whole duodenum, 30 cm of proximal jejunum, and 10 cm of terminal ileum. Pylorus and ileocecal valves were intact. The patient given only PN after surgery was provided rice-based soft fluid diet after 10 day of operation. Through intensive nutritional management care, she could start solid meals, and finally stop the PN and eat only orally at 45 days postoperatively. Three nutritional interventions were conducted over 2 months after the patient was discharged. She did not require PN during this period, and maintained her weight within the normal weight range. Similar interventions could be used for other patients with malabsorption problems similar to SBS.

Oncologic safety of self-expanded metal stent insertion as a bridge to elective surgery in malignant colorectal obstruction

PURPOSE: Colorectal obstruction develops most frequently by carcinoma, and 7%–30% of these colorectal carcinomas are acute cases. The oncologic safety of self-expanding metal stent (SEMS) insertion as a bridge to surgery has not yet been established. Thus, we investigated the oncologic safety of SEMS insertion as a bridge to surgery in patients with obstructive colorectal cancer.METHODS: This retrospective had 56 patients enrolled requiring emergency management for obstructive colorectal cancer at stage II or III, who had undergone curative surgery between July 2008 and June 2011. These subjects were divided into two groups: patients who had undergone emergency surgery without SEMS insertion (non-stent group) and those who had undergone elective surgery after preoperative decompression with SEMS insertion (stent group). The two groups were compared for clinicopathologic characteristics, postoperative complications, and survival rate.RESULTS: Enterostomy was performed in 25 patients (100.0%) in the non-stent group and 1 patient (3.2%) in the stent group; laparoscopic surgery was carried out in 7 patients (28.0%) in the non-stent group and 19 patients (61.29%) in the stent group, each showing statistically significant differences. There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative complications and 5-year disease-free survival rate (72% vs. 74.19%, P=0.87, respectively).CONCLUSION: In treatment of malignant colorectal obstruction, elective operation after stent insertion had similar oncologic outcomes compared with emergency operation. Preoperative stent insertion not only lowers the incidence of enterostomy but also makes laparoscopic surgery possible, thereby enhancing patients' quality of life. Therefore, preoperative stent insertion is a useful method that may replace emergency surgery in treatment of malignant colorectal obstruction.

Dinâmica sócio-familiar com pacientes portadores de ostomia intestinal definitiva / Social and family dynamic with patients with definitive intestinal ostomy

RACIONAL: A pessoa que se submete a realização de uma ostomia intestinal definitiva, vivencia significativas alterações na dinâmica sócio-familiar. Na maioria das vezes percebe-se que elas apresentam-se fragilizadas devido à nova situação que se encontram. OBJETIVO:Analisar a dinâmica sócio-familiar de pessoas com ostomia intestinal definitiva. MÉTODO: Pesquisa qualitativa com base em informações coletadas na ocasião da retirada mensal das bolsas coletoras e acessórios fornecidos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde. Fizeram parte do estudo 12 usuários do município de São Miguel do Oeste no estado de Santa Catarina, que aceitaram participar da pesquisa. RESULTADOS: Foram oito mulheres e quatro homens; 11 eram idosos e todos estavam aposentados. Os usuários residiam com poucas pessoas. A maior família entrevistada possuía quatro pessoas, os demais residiam apenas com o cônjuge ou relataram residirem sozinhos. Todos os usuários informaram que contavam com alguém para auxiliá-los após a ostomia. Quatro usuários relataram que precisavam de auxílio rotineiramente e oito responsabilizavam-se sozinhos pela troca das bolsas, cuidado e higiene necessários. Sete relataram que possuíam algum tipo de dificuldade ou sentimento negativo pelo fato de utilizarem a bolsa coletora. Medo e constrangimento foram os sentimentos mais mencionados. Por outro lado, cinco usuários afirmaram que não possuíam dificuldades ou sentimentos negativos por serem ostomizados, e que estes sentimentos já tinham sido superados. CONCLUSÕES: A convivência com a ostomia é destacada como causadora de medos, constrangimentos, desconfortos e dúvidas. O suporte familiar e social pode promover uma nova identidade à pessoa portadora, possibilitando retorno da autoestima perdida e a reinserção social.

RATIONAL: The person who undergoes a definitive intestinal ostomy experience significant changes in social and family dynamics. Most of the time the patients are fragile by risk due to the new situation. AIM: To analyze the social dynamics of people with permanent intestinal stoma. METHOD: Qualitative research on the basis of information collected at the time of the monthly withdrawal of collecting handbags and accessories provided by the unified Health System. Were part of the study 12 users of São Miguel do Oeste, SC, Brazil who agreed to participate in the research. RESULTS: Eight women and four men were included. Eleven were elderly and all were retired. Users lived with few people. The largest family interviewed had four people, the other only with the spouse or lived alone. All users indicated that they had someone to help them after the ostomy. Four users have reported that they needed aid routinely and eight were blaming himself alone by the exchange of necessary hygiene and care. Seven said that they had some kind of difficulty or negative feeling because of using the collection bag. Fear and embarrassment were the most mentioned feelings. On the other hand, five users have stated that did not have difficulties or negative feelings due to the ostomy, and that these feelings had been overcome. CONCLUSIONS: Coexistence with the ostomy is highlighted as causing fears, constraints, discomfort and doubts. The family and social support can promote a new identity to the person, enabling the return of lost self-esteem and social reintegration.

Complicaciones de ileostomías y colostomías de protección en cirugía por cáncer de recto / Ileostomy and colostomy complications of protection in rectal cancer surgery

Introducción: en los últimos años, la tradicional colostomía lateral utilizada para proteger las anastomosis colorrectales bajas, ha sido reemplazada en muchos centros por una ileostomía en asa. Si bien se ha generado cierta controversia entre ambas técnicas, aún no ha quedado claramente demostrado qué técnica es la más recomendada. Objetivo: comparar el índice de complicaciones de ileostomías y colostomías de protección en cirugías por cáncer de recto. Material y Método: se analizaron retrospectivamente todos los pacientes operados de cáncer de recto, entre 2002 y 2012, a los que se les realizó una ostomía de protección. Se excluyó a los pacientes a los cuales por diversas razones nunca se les restableció el tránsito intestinal. Los parámetros analizados fueron: edad, sexo, complicaciones del ostoma, complicaciones del cierre del ostoma y mortalidad. Las complicaciones fueron clasificadas con la escala STROC. Se analizó un total de 106 pacientes (59 hombres y 47 mujeres). La edad promedio fue de 64 años (24 a 89). Se realizaron 80 ileostomías en asa (Grupo IA) y 26 colostomías laterales transversas (Grupo CLT). Se utilizó para el análisis estadístico el test de Fisher. Resultados: hubo 12 complicaciones relacionadas con la confección de las ostomías (11.3%). Esto incluye 11 complicaciones de ileostomías (13,7%) y una de las colostomías (3,8%) (p=0,15). No hubo mortalidad. Con relación al cierre del ostoma, hubo 18 complicaciones con una incidencia del 16,9%; de estas, 10 correspondieron al grupo IA (12,5%), y 8 al grupo CLT (30,8%) (p=0,03). Dentro de estas complicaciones del cierre de los ostomas, la más frecuente fue la infección de la herida quirúrgica, de la que se registraron 7 casos, 2 en el grupo IA y 5 en el grupo CLT (p=0,009)... (TRUNCADO)

Background: in recent years, the traditional lateral colostomy used to protect low colorectal anastomosis has been replaced in many centers by a loop ileostomy. While some controversy was generated between the two techniques it has not yet been clearly demonstrated which of them is the best choice. Objective: to compare the rate of complications of ileostomy and colostomy protection after rectal cancer surgery. Material and Methods: we retrospectively analyzed all patients undergoing rectal cancer surgery who needed a protective stoma between 2002 and 2012. We excluded patients to whom intestinal transit was never restored. The parameters analyzed were: age, sex, stoma complications, closure of stoma complications and mortality. Complications were classified according to STROC scale. We analyzed a total of 106 patients (59 men and 47 women), mean age was 64 years (24-89). This included 80 loop ileostomies (Group IA) and 26 lateral transverse colostomies (CLT Group). Fisher’s test was used for statistical analysis. Results: there were 12 complications related to the making of the ostomy (11,3%). This included 11 ileostomy complications (13,7%), and one after a colostomy (3,8%) (p=0,15). There was no mortality. Regarding the closure of the stoma, there were 18 complications with an incidence of 16,9%. Of these, 10 occurred in group IA (12,5%), and 8 in CLT group (30,8%) (p=0,03). Within stoma closure complications, infection of the surgical wound was the most common, with 7 cases, 2 in group IA and 5 in the CLT group (p = 0,009). The mortality rate was 2,8%, 2,5% corresponded to the ileostomy group and 3,8% corresponded to the colostomy group (p=0,57). Conclusions: the implementation of a stoma should be clearly justified since the procedure is not without complications... (TRUNCATED)

Living with intestinal stoma: the construction of autonomy for care / Viver com estoma intestinal: a construção da autonomia para o cuidado / Vivir con estoma intestinal: la construcción de la autonomía para el cuidado

OBJECTIVE: to investigate the care undertaken in the health services for people with intestinal stoma, from the perspective of articulating the actions proposed in the Amplified and Shared Clinic, with a view to promoting autonomy. METHOD: qualitative study. Participants: 10 people who received a stoma, and their family members. Data was collected between 10th January and 30th June 2011, through two semi-structured interviews. Analysis was through the stages: anxiety, synthesis, theorization and recontextualization. RESULTS: presented in the categories: (1) the need to carry out stoma care; (2) receiving health support and care after discharge from hospital; (3) returning to daily activities and social reinsertion. CONCLUSION: the study identified common factors which influence the process of development of autonomy and the relationship which health professionals have with this achievement. .

OBJETIVO: conhecer a atenção desenvolvida nos serviços de saúde em relação às pessoas com estoma intestinal, sob a perspectiva da articulação das ações propostas pela Clínica Ampliada e Compartilhada, visando a promoção da autonomia. MÉTODO: estudo qualitativo. Participantes: 10 pessoas que realizaram estomia e seus familiares. Dados coletados de 10 de janeiro a 30 de junho de 2011, por meio de duas entrevistas semiestruturadas. Análise composta pelas etapas: apreensão, síntese, teorização e recontextualização. RESULTADOS: foram apresentados em categorias: (1) a necessidade de realizar o cuidado com o estoma, (2) recebendo apoio e atenção em saúde após a alta hospitalar e (3) retornando às atividades do cotidiano e à reinserção social. CONCLUSÃO: o estudo identificou fatores comuns que influenciam o processo de desenvolvimento da autonomia e a atuação que os profissionais de saúde têm em face dessa conquista. .

OBJETIVO: conocer la atención ofrecida en los servicios de salud a las personas con estoma intestinal, en la perspectiva de la articulación de las acciones propuestas por la Clínica Ampliada y Compartida objetivando la promoción de la autonomía. MÉTODO: estudio cualitativo. Participantes: 10 personas que realizaron ostomía y sus familiares. Datos recolectados de 10 de enero a 30 de junio de 2011 por medio de dos entrevistas semiestructuradas. Análisis compuesto por las etapas: aprehensión, síntesis, teorización y recontextualización. RESULTADOS: presentados en categorías: (1) la necesidad de realizar el cuidado con el estoma; (2) recibiendo apoyo y atención en salud después del alta hospitalaria; (3) retornando a las actividades de lo cotidiano y la reinserción social. CONCLUSIÓN: el estudio identificó factores comunes que influyen en el proceso de desarrollo de la autonomía y en la relación que los profesionales de salud tienen en esa conquista.

Determining the Timing for the Enterostomy Repair using Age-based Analysis / 대한주산의학회잡지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine if timing of enterostomy repair described in terms of postmenstrual age (PMA) could influence postoperative course, complications, and growth. METHODS: Under the Institutional Review Board approval, records of preterm infants who underwent enterostomy and subsequent repair from 2007 to 2013 at Seoul national university children's hospital were reviewed. Records of infants with congenital anomalies were excluded. Data collected included baseline characteristics, PMA, weight at enterostomy and enterostomy repair, postoperative course, enterostomy repair-related complications, and follow-up growth after repair. For analysis, patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 with enterostomy repaired before PMA 40 weeks; and group 2 with enterostomy repaired since PMA 40 weeks. RESULTS: There were 54 infants: 16 in group 1 and 38 in group 2. The median weight at the time of enterostomy repair was greater in group 2 compared to those of group 1. Group 1 infants had more complications and had to be ventilated longer after enterostomy repair. They required longer periods of total parenteral nutrition and took longer to reach full enteral feeding. Group 1 infants also needed longer hospital stay after enterostomy repair. No statistical difference was observed in growth after discharge. CONCLUSION: The timing of enterostomy repair influences postoperative course and complications significantly. Therefore, it is recommended that enterostomy repair should be withheld until PMA 40 weeks. For predicting long term prognosis, more studies will be required.

Assistência de enfermagem a pessoas com estoma intestinal: dificuldades no ensino por docentes não especialistas em estomaterapia / Nursing care for persons with intestinal stoma: difficulties in teaching by teachers not experts in stomal therapy

Trabalhar a relação educação/saúde é essencial na promoção da saúde e de uma vida melhor para o paciente. Este trabalho objetivou identificar as dificuldades dos docentes de enfermagem de dois Cursos de Graduação da cidade de São Paulo, relacionadas aos cuidados de enfermagem em pacientes com estoma intestinal. O estudo foi descritivo, com abordagem dedutiva. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário entregue a 20 docentes/enfermeiros dos referidos cursos, que supervisionavam estágio em um hospital geral estadual da cidade de São Paulo. A análise quantitativa descritiva permitiu verificar que nenhum dos docentes tinha formação na área de Estomaterapia e a maioria deles referiu dificuldades em ensinar e prestar assistência aos pacientes com estomas intestinais, sendo a maior parte delas de ordem pessoal e administrativa. Conclui-se que os docentes/enfermeiros dos dois cursos apresentavam dificuldades tanto para prestar a assistência aos indivíduos com estomas intestinais como para ensinar, o que denota a necessidade de atualização e aprimoramento.

Enterostomy and associated problems / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Stoma has been used in colorectal surgery for various indications. Stoma type and stoma location are associated with stoma complications and quality of life with a stoma. The question regarding how to avoid stoma complication and improve quality of life should be considered when stoma creation is planned. The benefit of stoma should be balanced with complications brought about by stoma creation.

Necessity of defunctioning stoma in low anterior resection for rectal cancer: a meta-analysis / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the necessity of defunctioning stoma in low anterior resection for rectal cancer below peritoneal reflection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The databases of Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wanfang and CNKI were searched. The eligible studies were identified for pooled analyses.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Six randomized controlled trials with 648 cases(332 patients with defunctioning stoma and 316 without stoma) and 25 retrospective controlled trials with 10,722 cases(4,470 patients with defunctioning stoma and 6,252 without stoma) were included. Combined analyses showed that defunctioning stoma was effective for decreasing risk of postoperative anastomotic leakage (RR=0.33 and 95% CI:0.21-0.53 for RCTs, OR=0.60 and 95% CI:0.42-0.85 for retrospective studies), reoperation (RR=0.30, 95% CI:0.16-0.53 for RCTs, OR=0.26 and 95% CI:0.21-0.32 for retrospective studies) and mortality(OR=0.41, 95% CI:0.27-0.62 for retrospective studies).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Defunctioning stoma should be routinely performed in low anterior resection for high-risk patients.</p>

The Experience of Surgical Treatment of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

PURPOSE: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe inflammatory disorder of the intestine, causing high mortality and morbidity. We investigated the single center experience about the operative indication, treatment method, and mortality in NEC. METHODS: The medical records of infants (<1 year old) who underwent the operation due to complications of NEC at the Asan Medical Center from Jan 1997 to Dec 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Among 49 patients (M:F = 34:15), 37 underwent the operation at acute phase of NEC, average 26.43+/-35.43 days after birth (3~168), due to pneumoperitoneum in 23, clinical deterioration in 12 and abdominal mass in 2. Average gestational age was 234.64+/-38.27 days (161~279) and birth weight was 2,061.38+/-999.49 g (563~3,740). The extent of necrosis was classified grossly as focal in 14 cases, multifocal in 14 and panintestinal in 9 and the operative methods were enterostomy in 30 patients, resection and anastomosis in 6 and open drainage in 1. Thirteen patients (35.1%) were expired - 8 (21.6%) died of necrotizing enterocolitis and 5 died of other causes. The other 12 patients underwent operation for stricture after NEC at average 81.17+/-77.22 days after birth (32~317). Average gestational age was 240.83+/-34.4 days (173~280) and birth weight was 2,089.83+/-862.47 g (710~3,200). Eight patients underwent resection and anastomosis including stricture and 4 patients underwent enterostomy. CONCLUSION: Resection and enterostomy was the preferred procedure but resection and anastomosis did not increase morbidity or mortality. Quite a number of patients suffered from the stricture after NEC.

Acute Surgical Abdomen in Childhood Malignancies

Catheter related and perianal problems are common surgical complications encountered during the treatment of pediatric malignancies. However acute surgical abdominal emergencies are rare. The aim of this study is to review acute surgical abdominal complications that occur during the treatment of childhood malignancies. Out of a total of 1,222 patients who were newly diagnosed with malignant disease, between January 2003 and May 2008, there were 10 patients who required surgery because of acute abdominal emergencies. Their medical records were reviewed retrospectively. Hematologic malignancies were present in 7 patients (4 leukemia, 2 lymphoma, 1 Langerhans cell histiocytosis) and solid tumors in 3 patients (1 adrenocortical carcinoma, 1 desmoplastic small round cell tumor, 1 rhabdomyosarcoma). Seven patients had intestinal obstruction, two had gastrointestinal perforation and one, typhlitis. Intestinal obstructions were treated with resection of the involved segment with (N=2) or without (N=3) enterostomy. Two patients had enterostomy alone when resection could not be performed. Intestinal perforation was treated with primary repair. Typhlitis of the ascending colon was treated with ileostomy. Right hemicolectomy was necessary the next day because of the rapidly progressing sepsis. Three patients are now alive on chemotherapy and one patient was lost to followed-up. Among six patients who died, five died of their original disease progression and one of uncontrolled sepsis after intestinal perforation. Although rare, acute surgical abdominal complications can occur in childhood malignancies. Rapid and accurate diagnosis and appropriate operation are required for effective treatment of the complications.